What are the strengths and weaknesses of the performance management Dissertation

What are the qualities and shortcomings of the presentation the board arrangement of Riyadh City Council - Dissertation Example Information Analysis 44 3.10 Methodological Limitations 45 3.11 Conclusion 46 Chapter 4-Results and Discussion 4.1 Introduction 48 4.2 Results 48 4.3 Discussion 76 Chapter 5-Conclusions and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusions 86 5.2. Proposals 90 References 93 List of Tables and Figures Table 1. Segment attributes: Level of estimation, classes and codes 37 Table 2. Goals, theories, and factual tests. 37 Table 3. Recurrence and rate circulation for sexual orientation. 48 Table 4. Recurrence and rate circulation for age. 48 Table 5. Recurrence and rate appropriation for a considerable length of time of administration. 49 Table 6. Recurrence and rate conveyance for position. 49 Table 7. Means and standard deviations: Agency relations. 50 Table 8. Means and standard deviations: Resource use. 51 Table 9. Means and standard deviations: Inimitable. 53 Table 10. Means and standard deviations: Non-substitutable. 54 Table 11. Means and standard deviations: Competence. 55 Table 12. Means and standa rd deviations: Firm particularity. 56 Table 13. Means and standard deviations: Relevant assets. 56 Table 14. Means and standard deviations: Utilization of assets. 57 Table 15. Means and standard deviations: Acquisition. 59 Table 16. Means and standard deviations: Development. 59 Table 17. Means and standard deviations: Configuration. 60 Table 18. Means and standard deviations: Innovation. 61 Table 19. Means and standard deviations: Technology. 61 Table 20. Means and standard deviations: Dynamic ability. 62 Table 21. Means and standard deviations: Performance accomplishment. 63 Table 22. Means and standard deviations: Individual duty. 64 Table 23. Means and standard deviations: Processes fulfillment. 65 Table 24. Means and standard deviations: Goal setting. 65 Table... Execution the board is fundamentally known to be a procedure that empowers joint effort for the individuals from the nearby organization. For the RCC, they have experienced various worries that must be tended to however execution the executives guidelines and practices. For example, they have encountered issues with improving the techniques for staying aware of quick changes, for example, civilizational shifts or new ways of life among network individuals (Al-Nuaim 2001). To think about administrations for wellbeing, security, and security, lodging plans, and safeguarding of the earth and verifiable destinations has become a test for Riyadh’s nearby managers. Besides, regularly, the public’s feeling on the strategies executed by the City Council just as on the usage of tasks and exercises, and the exhibition of the overseeing body, has made challenges for chairmen and the remainder of the organization in building up their locale (Al Riyadh 2004). As a result of these, t he RCC has planned to support their presentation by concentrating on the ability of their workforce, upgrading their undertakings by being reliable with the community’s needs, and giving their organization the fundamental procedural and administrative specializations. One powerless point that the neighborhood city boards in Riyadh has exhibited is that they are not truly fit for incorporating different offices for arranging and usage, thus, diminishing their probability for achieving primary objectives.

Renewabe Energy Sources Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Renewabe Energy Sources - Research Paper Example Sustainable power sources and the huge open doors for the vitality productivity exist over a wide geological zone. Organization of the sustainable power source and mechanical broadening of the vitality sources would bring about a critical vitality security and monetary advantages (Johansson, 2007). There are a few vulnerabilities encompassing the eventual fate of inexhaustible wellsprings of vitality. There are claims that the accessible sources will be not able satisfy the need later on. Before, the sustainable power source has been frightfully costly to create and use than fossils energizes. The inexhaustible assets are mostly situated in the remote regions, and it is awfully costly to manufacture the electrical cables in urban zones where power created is required. The utilization of this vitality sources is likewise constrained by the way that they are not generally accessible for use. During the overcast days, they might be no sun oriented force delivered (Tiwari, 2012). At the point when the breezes are quiet, and there is dry season there would be no hydropower created in such a case. The utilization and creation of the sustainable sources has developed in the ongoing years because of significant expenses of gas and normal oil. The utilization of this vitality is relied upon to keep ascending throughout the following thirty years, despite the fact that EIA tasks should keep depending on the non-inexhaustible powers so as to meet the vitality needs. Different wellsprings of vitality like the fossils cause an ecological peril since they contribute in the a worldwide temperature alteration. The United States is the main purchaser of vitality; her vitality is required to ascend later on. Elective sources will be utilized; this will facilitate the weight of bringing in oil based commodities (Fra?ss-Ehrfeld, 2009). In this way, U.S ought to be in the bleeding edge in building up the vitality sources, for example, the breeze and sun powered force. This will sig nificantly support the economy, henceforth lessening a dangerous atmospheric devation and furthermore help their resident to set aside cash. Sadly, oil organizations have consistently had the option to impact the branch of Energy to dismiss proposition on extra wellsprings of vitality. It has consistently been that the choice of the office on the venture will rely upon the assessments of the oil organizations. Not many nations have the abilities of putting away the vitality for use. This is an activity which requires financing; this makes it hard to build up different focuses where the vitality can be put away (Laughton, 2006). Sources like geothermal and water expects assets to actualize the venture. Absence of information can likewise be a difficult while actualizing the task of sustainable from of vitality. Undertakings like geothermal and hydropower must be actualized by electrical specialists, which may be a critical issue while discovering one. Sunlight based vitality uses the infrared radiations to transmit vitality. This can be utilized around evening time and doesn't require extra assets. In spite of requiring, no assets the individuals actualizing must have the necessary information to execute the undertaking effectively. Vitality is a fundamental asset that is important for every single modern culture. Normal wellsprings of vitality like non-renewable energy sources represent a hazard to the earth. Different wellsprings of vitality are not adequate to fulfill the need for vitality. These conditions require the United States to discover elective wellsprings of vitality. These elective sources must fulfill the needs of vitality which will diminish the dangers of an unnatural weather change. Th

Matthew Mazzotta Essay

In John Milton Cooper Jr’s â€Å"Why Wisconsin? The Badger State in the Progressive Era† he discusses why Wisconsin was the main state in the dynamic development and in the event that it was simply by a monstrosity mishap or not. Wisconsin got known as the research facility of popular government around this timeframe by driving the change developments that got known as progressivism. Numerous individuals like to authorize this to its people’s normally brilliant, innovative, forward looking mentalities. However there was no rhyme or reason why Wisconsin ought to have been the state to start to lead the pack with this development. Urban changes are what initially had an effect in the change in Wisconsin’s laws. There were numerous civil changes in huge numbers of the bigger urban communities and towns however none of them at any point developed into undeniable developments that made it to different urban communities and states. Wisconsin started to lead the pack in this development in 1900 when Robert M. La Follette won the governorship at the leader of a guerilla republican gathering that needed to change railroad tax assessment, railroad guideline, and the immediate essential. From that second on Wisconsin would stay at the leader of the development. The planning of this was one of the huge components that added to Wisconsin’s achievement. There were state wide change developments showing up everywhere throughout the mid-west, Ohio or Michigan may have gotten the best of Wisconsin in the event that it wasn’t for La Follette’s political decision around then. Students of history like to state that an individual doesn't a development make. Be that as it may, without La Follette Wisconsin most likely could never had progressed the extent that it did. Another reality that helped Wisconsin enter the change as ahead of schedule as it did was its overall shortcoming of the moderate business unified components that held force in the Republican Party, there was no political machine that ran the state. So unmistakably Wisconsin’s driving job in the dynamic development was not all because of one man, yet that doesn’t have La Follette’s effect in the express any less genuine. Wisconsin turned into the lead in this development by being the first to order laws on a state level, which could never have happened so quick in the event that it wasn’t for La Follette.  Between his decisions he tried to keep his name out there in the people’s minds by indefatigably talking about change issues, he additionally reached likeminded pioneers in districts and towns over the state and kept their names in a detailed documenting framework, conversing with them through incessant letters and gatherings. La Follette’s devotees called themselves â€Å"progressives† one of the primary occasions the word that would turn into the mark for this time was utilized. Because of Muck-raking columnists who were highlighting La Follette and his state as brilliant illustrations on the most proficient method to improve things, Wisconsin become famous as the lead state for change. The progressives in the state would have times where the â€Å"Stalwarts† assumed responsibility for the state however after a couple of those occasions the progressives help on to control for more than 20 years. Taking everything into account, there were numerous reasons why Wisconsin was the main state in the change arrangements of the dynamic time. A portion of the reasons are straightforwardly identified with individuals and their activities, and some are because of good karma and astonishing planning. La Follette was the principle reason that Wisconsin had the option to find real success, his astounding mystique persistent drive for changed is the thing that pushed Wisconsin to pass all the change laws that’s it did so right off the bat in the time. However on the off chance that La Follette didn’t get chose when he did Wisconsin may have been lost in the disarray on the grounds that different states would have beat them to the punch. Another motivation behind why they did so all around was a direct result of their absence of a solid political machine that ran the state making it simple to pass laws and change things that have been the equivalent in the state for so long. S o all things considered La Follette was the principle reason that Wisconsin was the leader of the dynamic development, yet he had a lot of help from karma, great planning, and stunning conditions.

The Debate Over Writeplacer

The Debate Over Writeplacer Writeplacer - the Story This advice will help you not just to stop particular dangers which you could face while reading eBook frequently but also ease you to take pleasure in the reading experience with good comfort. It will be beneficial to have a fantastic eBook reader to be able to have an excellent reading experience and premium quality eBook display. It is possible to also use completely free software that may supply the readers that have many functions to the reader than simply a simple platform to read the desirable eBooks. After you finish the prompt, you are going to have the opportunity to meet up with one of our tutors to assess your writing and get resources that will guide you to be more prepared for the WritePlacer. Quite a few of our students have been out of school for lots of years. It's highly advisable that students review this material to make certain that they're placed into the correct class. You're able to observe how this w ould help it become hard for colleges to know just which students were ready for which classes. Colleges and universities require a tool similar to this because the academic abilities and backgrounds of their new students may vary wildly. The Unusual Secret of Writeplacer You will notice questions on grammar, punctuation, and fashion. The one most frequent mistake made by students is neglecting to get ready for the placement test. Our practice questions can help you learn how to see common errors in all the writing skills listed above. Along with understanding the intricacies of the English language, you've got to understand what things to write to convey precisely what you mean. Get the Scoop on Writeplacer Before You're Too Late Unfortunately, ACCUPLACER does not provide a sample for the ESL Listening test at this moment. The ACCUPLACER English Test consists of two sections and does not have any time limit. 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Leadership As A Leader And Sustaining Leadership Requires...

My definition of leadership is having the ability to empower, enable and influence others to achieve a specific goal through building relationships, respect and two-way communication. I as a leader work my best to empower others by giving them a level of decision-making autonomy that they (and I as a leader) are comfortable with. Then, of course, you must enable them by first understanding their strengths/weaknesses then providing them with the best tools to enhance their strengths and build up over their weaknesses over time. Being influential sometimes carries a negative connotation but it is all positive in leadership. Being able to encourage and motivate others toward a common goal leads to positive results. This is a very challenging task for a leader who often must deal with several unique personalities. I tend to agree with the criticism that Northouse (p. 31) lists which basically states that leadership is based on situations. Yes, certain traits play a significant role in grooming a leader but sustaining leadership requires experience. Those who have become great leaders were afforded the opportunity to do so and had some level of mentoring or training along the way. Although I do not consider myself a great leader, I do have the confidence to lead in many situations. That confidence is a direct result of the experience i have gained through leading. In my humble opinion, the only way to learn to lead is by getting on that horse and lead. What I value inShow MoreRelatedPersonal Leadership And Philosophy Style1574 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Leadership and Philosophy Style Four years ago I wrote my first â€Å"Personal Philosophy of Leadership† paper. The personal leadership style I identified with, at that time, was the democratic style. I had chosen this style of leadership because of the teamwork, constructive criticism, motivation, good communication, dedication, and good attitude attributes of the democratic style. Four years later, being present time, I have learned and experienced a great deal more about leadership stylesRead MoreMy Current Organization Of Higher Learning1339 Words   |  6 Pagesthinking with creativity and approaches, while fostering change and improvement through innovation. It also encourages the concept of excellence throughout based on systems with set goals of improving strategies, key measurement, benchmarking and leadership and management systems with a framework that is adaptable to the requirements of all organizations. Other key aspects to consider is cooperation and the sharing of best practices with part ners and stakeholders to facilitate the building of relationshipRead MoreJean Watson s Theory Of Caring843 Words   |  4 Pagesbest care possible. Within my philosophy also encompasses doing what is ethically right. Whether caring for others in leadership or patients, nurses have the ability to establish valuable relationships that develop trust and foster an ability to be caring and compassionate (Carroll, 2015). Although my nursing administrator experience is just beginning to bloom, my experience as a clinical coordinator and nurse liaison has helped me in shaping my philosophy and framework. Jean Watson’s theoryRead MoreOrganizational Theory and The Heart of Change Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesare the more progressive and individual centered approaches. The leadership characteristics that are important to successful change in an organization are those that are espoused in the transformational theory of management. It makes sense that ideals in line with the transformational management theory would be evident in a book about how to bring about positive change in an organization. Discussion A transformational leader essentially is about growth through change, about challenging theRead MoreEssay Discovering Your Authentic Leadership888 Words   |  4 PagesSwarbrick Course Title: Bus 212 Executive Leadership, Fall 2012 Article Title: Discovering Your Authentic Leadership Author(s): Bill George, Peter Sims, Andrew N. McLean, and Diana Mayer Journal: Harvard Business Review Publication Date: February 1, 2007 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Through Discovering Your Authentic Leadership, readers will learn that you do not have to be born with a specific characteristic or traits of what society views as a leader. Nor do you have to wait for a tap on theRead MoreThe Insurance Agency Implemented A Military Type Leadership Style1484 Words   |  6 Pageseach other requires commitment, communication, and a desire to improve all aspects of each individual’s daily activities. Cohesive and profitable organizations are rare and creating the type of organization previously depicted through the lens of espoused theories will require a significant amount of leadership and communication to accomplish. The previous owner of the insurance agency implemented a military type leadership style, based solely upon achieving realistic results through the measurementsRead MoreArticle Review on â€Å"How PG Tripled Its Innovation Success Rate†1073 Words   |  5 PagesAnthony, 2011). The two leaders in the innovation process, Leikhim and Goulait, worked with other PG leaders on certain key elements to build a successful growth factory (Brown Anthony, 2011). One of the key strategies was to create small teams that focused on specific markets and innovation strategies (Brown Anthony, 2011). PG explored many different directions in creating innovations; they list 4 types of innovations as sustaining, commercial, transformational-sustaining, and disruptive innovationRead MoreImportance Organizational Leadership Has on Companies Today1657 Words   |  7 Pagesabout organizational leadership, I was more enlightened on the value and importance organizational leadership has on companies today. The article discussed the significance of organizational leadership and how leaders can motivate their followers to accomplish corporate objectives and help them realize their full potential. More importantly understanding the organizational leadership theories can support the growth and development of leadership skills and identify potential leaders during the hiringRead MoreDemocratic Leadership Is Better And More Suitable Approach1575 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals and have chances to channel their creative ideas. Autocratic leadership with its dominant and authoritative style is more likely to cause counterproductive work behavior in millennials. Democratic leadership, which Millennials could participate more in the work discussion, is more effective to mentor, empower and develop these millennials workers. Therefore, to utilize maximum potentials of millennials, democratic leadership is better and more suitable approach. There are three main populationsRead MoreTransformational Leaders : Organizational Values, Aspirations, And Ethical Measurement1428 Words   |  6 PagesTransformational leaders set the organizational values, aspirations, and ethical measurements required. Additionally, the result of the transformational leader concerns them with creating growth of the follower. Developing the followers into leaders through coaching, directing, and raising their awareness levels to know or expect the unexpected and the overall issues of consequences. This development builds a collective future through the shared values of the leadership and the followership.

Compare and Contrast to His Coy Mistress and Passionate...

‘To His Coy Mistress’ Is a love poem by Andrew Marvel. The poem is ‘carpe diem’ which translates to seize the day, this means the poem does not take its time its blunt and straight to the point. The poem contains a thesis, antithesis and synthesis, the main argument points of the poem. The poem is split into three stanza’s which are used to persuade the woman to give up her virginity before her beauty dies. It is a conventional poem for its time in the 17th century. In the first stanza Marvel introduces his mistress as the receiver of this poem. The first stanza is his thesis, the beginning of his argument. In this stanza Marvel tells his mistress what they could do if they had all the time in the world. He says if they had enough time†¦show more content†¦The second poem is another love poem ‘The Passionate Shepherd To His Love’ by Christopher Marlowe. There are many similarities and differences between the two poems. Both poems are love poems aimed at women, and both are trying to persuade. In ‘To His coy Mistress’ the poem is split into a thesis, anti-thesis and synthesis and is attempting t persuade a woman to give up her virginity. ‘Passionate Shepherd’ is set into a series of four line long stanzas which form an ideal rural world where a man wants his love to live with him. Both poems are in first person narrative style to emphasize their thoughts and feeling towards their love’s. Throughout ‘Passionate Shepherd† rhyming couplets are used deliberately to persuade his woman, similar to ‘His Coy Mistress’. Both poems are poems of their times but could have different meanings due to being set in the 16th and 17th centaury’s. Both poems contain declarations of love and both attempt to persuade in a personal way. Also both Poems offer gifts or nice promises to they’re women if they are to cooperate. Differences exist between the two poems throughout, we see ‘Passionate Shepherd’ is a lyrical poem when ‘To His Coy Mistress’ is a carpe diem poem consisting of three steps of argument. The styles of the poets also differ, Christopher Marlowe using simple and understandable language while Andrew Marvel uses formal complicated language. Therefore the styles of the poems differ also. ChristopherShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Four Periods of Literature1518 Words   |  7 Pagespower of love and its capabilities for great evil, or great good. Each of these time frames have something different to offer a reader. If a reader can turn and look introspectively, he can pull a new meaning from the work with each reading. The first period of literature to be examined is one in which the authors encouraged that living and loving the earth are simple pleasures to be enjoyed by all. This idea is exemplified by Christopher Marlowe in his poem The Passionate Shepherd to His Love whenRead MoreBusiness and Management2600 Words   |  11 Pages | | | | |Mending Wall, Robert Frost (pp. 197-199) | | | | |The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, T. S. Eliot (pp.199-203) | | | | |Daddy, Sylvia Plath (pp. 524-526) |

Adolescent Case Study Essay Example For Students

Adolescent Case Study Essay Adolescent Case StudyI. IdentificationA. Kathy Johnson is a 14 year old female, a freshman at Parkway High School, and resides at 789 Parkview Way, Bossier City, LA 70000. II. History of FamilyA. The subject lives with her biological mother and stepfather. Thechilds biological father resides in Bossier City as well, but he has notmaintained a relationship with the child since he divorced her mother in 1981. The child also has a brother who lives out of state and has no relationshipor contact with him either. B. The subject comes from an upper middle class family. Her stepfatheris a high school graduate and owns his own construction business. Her mother isa homemaker and quit school during her sophomore year. C.The subject and her family live in Southern Gardens, a smallsubdivision in Bossier City. The family, for the most part, keeps to themselves anddoesnot have any close, personal associations. The few associates they haveare business colleagues and people from their church groups. D.The stepfather is a relatively healthy male, approximately 61tall, dark brown hair, brown eyes, weighs around 200 pounds and has no known physicalillness. The mother is 54 tall, blonde hair, brown eyes and hasnoticeable symptoms of depression and a significant drinking problem. Presentlyshe is in good overall physical health. E.Most of the familys interest revolves around the subjectsathletic activities such as baseball and church related activities such as Sundayservices and youth centered groups. F.The family attends a full gospel, nondenominational church on aregular basis. Their political views are primarily democratic. G.The family is of Italian descent and somewhat antisocial. Theyrarely see anyone on a personal basis and have no close personal friends. III. History of the CaseA.The subject is approximately 55 tall, long dark brown hair,brown eyes and is somewhat overweight, weighing in at 165 pounds. However,she is very athletic and is routinely involved in softball and basketball. Sheplays softball during the summer for her church league and has won numeroustrophies. During the school year, she also plays basketball for her churchbasketball team. She diligently attends every practice and never misses a gamein either sport. Although her physician states that she is in good generalhealth, she regularly complains of stomach pain and lethargy. B.Due to the subjects physical complaints, her school attendanceis relatively poor; however, her grades are above average in the A to B range. In the past, her attendance in school was better, but her grades were not ashigh. They usually remained in the B to C range. C.The subject receives an allowance of $25 per week for doinghousehold chores such as cleaning her room, vacuuming, and cooking dinner. Most often, she spends her allowance on name brand clothing and shoes. Fitting in with thePreppy crowd seems to be very important to her, hencethe expenditures on only name brand clothing, shoes, etc. D.Although she wants to fit in, she seems to lack the socialskills required in order to get along with her peers. She tends to besomewhat aggressive which often results in confrontations and arguments withpeers her own age. Therefore, she only has one close friend and is not partof any clique or group. According to her, the other adolescents describe heras being overbearing and bossy, so ultimately she stays to herself and doesnot get along well with her peers. E.The subjects recreational habits consist of playing softballand basketball and attending youth oriented activities at church such asyouth camp and bible studies. She is a very outgoing and aggressive teenagerwho often tends to try and force her opinions on her peers. Which in turn,has the opposite effect and more often causes her peers to become distantand antisocial with her. .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .postImageUrl , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:hover , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:visited , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:active { border:0!important; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:active , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Financial Analysis Of Tesco J Sainsbury Accounting EssayF.Her personal philosophy and ideology is based mainly on herreligious beliefs. She believes in the teachings of the bible and that thereis one God who controls and oversees the world in which she lives. Therefore,she is against premarital sex, drug and alcohol use, and abortion. Whenasked her politicalviews, for example who she would vote for, her reply wasBill Clinton, simply because he is a democrat. She seems to be heavilyinfluenced by her families political views, in that, she doesnt know muchabout politics, but she would vote for a democrat because her family belongsto the Democratic Party. IV. SummaryAfter interviewing and observing the subject, my findings relative to hercurrent status are the following:Her stepfather is physically and verbally abusive toward her motheroften forcing the subject to call the police. Her mother appears to suffer fromprolonged bouts of depression and ongoing alcohol use. Therefore, the subjectis required to more or less handle the everyday household obligations such ascooking and cleaning. She also has a deep resentment for her stepfather andfeels the need to protect and take care of her mother. In my opinion, the subject is suffering from physical and emotional neglectfrom her parents resulting in depression, low self esteem, aggressive tendencies,and bouts of hypochondria. V. RecommendationsMy recommendations would be to remove the subject from the abusivesituation by placing her in a temporary foster home and to require her parentsto undergo a full psychiatric evaluation. She should remain in the foster homeuntil her mother undergoes and successfully completes an alcohol rehabilitationprogram and receives counseling for the physical and emotional abuse which shehas endured. The stepfather should be required to stay away from the subjectand her mother until he undergoes counseling and no longer exhibits signs ofaggressive and abusive behavior. Other recommendations for the subject would beto prescribe antidepressants combined with group support with other adolescentssuffering similar situations and problems. Her aggressive tendencies and lowself esteem need to be addressed by placing her in a loving and emotionallystable and supportive household where she would be allowed to experience somefreedom from the emotional burden of having to run a household virtually byherself.

Business Law-Review Case free essay sample

An applicant for an order under that section must satisfy the Court: (a) that he has a good cause of action and (b) that the defendant with intent to obstruct or delay the execution of any judgment has removed or is about to remove or has concealed or is concealing or making away with or handing over to others any of his movable or immovable property but there was not a piece of evidence on oath that proved this two circumstances. We will go through the reason of the judgment on the next sheet. 4.The reasons for the judgment (ratio decidendi) As stated by Thomson CJ the main reason for the judgment is it’s not fulfill Sections 19 Debtors Ordinance as that was the only provision of the law enabling such an attachment. We know obviously, to fulfill the sections, the respondent have to satisfy the Court by evidence on oath of two things. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Law-Review Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First, he (Schmidt) has to prove to court that he has a good cause of action. In this case, there is not a scrap of evidence on oath that Kepong Prospecting has any cause of action at all.It is irrelevant to speculate as to what the position would have been had the proceedings been commenced. This may appear to be a somewhat technical and cursory way of disposing of the point. The judge does not wish to appear to be unduly technical as they were agree with the appellant company’s lawyer this requirement is sufficiently fulfilled if the applicant satisfies the Court of the existence of facts from which the inference should be drawn that there has been the required intent. But, they failed to do so.Secondly, respondent’s (Schmidt) has to provide evidence to court that the appellant company (Kepong Prospecting) purposely obstruct or delay the execution of any judgment made by court. In this case, there is no question of concealing property or anything of that sort as Kepong Prospecting freely confessed that their company has handed a great deal of its property over to others, in that it has handed over a great deal of its money over to its shareholders who are of course different persons from itself.The real issue here is did respondent’s (Schmidt) had any evidence on oath that the handing over made by appellant company (Kepong Prospecting) was done with intent to impede or delay any judgment the respondent’s might obtain. There is nothing whatever to show that the companies have altered their course of business by reason of the present proceedings, there is nothing to show that they have done anything they were not in the way of doing before and irrespective of the respondents (Schmidt) claim.All that has been shown is that they have not specifically put aside a sum of money against the eventuality that claim may succeed, a point on which they ha ve most probably taken professional advice, and it would be wrong to say that there was any obligation upon them to do so, far less that failure to do so would make out the sort of intention that the section requires.These decision made based on Sir Norman Macleod quote in the case of Nowroji Pudumjee Siradar v The Deccan Bank Ltd ILR 45 Bom 1256, 1258, AIR 1921 Bom 69 in considering a similar provision in the law of India that are: â€Å"A man is not debarred from dealing with his property because a suit has been filed against him. Otherwise, in every case in which a suit is brought against a man, if during the pendency of the proceedings he sells some of his property, that would be at once a sufficient ground to satisfy the Court that he is disposing of his property with intent to defraud the plaintiff.Clearly there must be additional circumstances before the Court can be satisfied that such an intention exists. † Apparently, the appellant company (Kepong Prospecting) did not hide or sells its property that can be declared as intend to obstruct the judgment made by court. Respondent’s (Schmidt) also failed to prove the two conditions that lay under Section 19, Debtors Ordinance. 5. Our comments or opinion on the decisionBefore we discuss about our opinion on the decision of this case, we would like to discuss certain things that we found in this case. There are: I. There are no agreements that stated Kepong Prospecting Ltd had to pay certain money to Schmidt although Schmidt is a consulting engineer for them. II. Although Kepong Prospecting Ltd distributes their money to the shareholders on the big sum, it doesn’t mean that they did not want to pay Schmidt for the consulting.There is no evidence on that and Schmidt claim was unreasonable. III. Schmidt took out summons in chambers issued ex parte against Kepong Prospecting Ltd to seize the amount of $180,000 in the United Oversea Bank and Bank of Canton on two reasons, first, there is a petition had been presented in Singapore Court for compulsory winding up of Kepong Prospecting Limited and the second reason is Kepong Prospecting Ltd had been distributing greater part of its dividends o the shareholders, that Schmidt felt that they intent not to pay him. IV. Schmidt thoughts are not an evidence for court. The petition that he claimed was later withdrawn and he did not prove the second reason. Kepong Prospecting did not deny what Schmidt said however they claim that they have never at any time intent to obstruct or delay the judgment. They said the company had cash on hand amounting $458,000 which is more than the money seized by Schmidt claim. Obviously, those things make we say that Schmidt claim was awkward.In our opinion, we totally agree with the decision of this case made by Thomson CJJ because it’s not fulfilling the section required that they used. Section 19, Debtors Ordinance as we discussed before require two conditions, he has good cause of action and Kepong Prospecting Ltd with intent to obstruct or delay the execution of any judgment. As we all observe through this case, we found that the respondent (Schmidt) had failed to attest the two conditions to satisfy the court. He has to prove how is that he had a good cause of action?What is the good cause of action? None of these questions is being answered. Besides that, there are no such agreement can related to the respondent’s (Schmidt) claim. He just a consulting engineer for Kepong Prospecting Ltd. and that doesn’t mean that he is entitled to the tribute that Kepong Prospecting Ltd gets through their land. Finally, we fell glad that we could review this case as it’s not easy as we thought. We enjoy review this case as we get a lot of knowledge through that.

4 Fast-Growing Temp Jobs to Focus on Now

4 Fast-Growing Temp Jobs to Focus on Now If you’re like most people, salary may be the first thing that comes to mind when evaluating what makes a â€Å"good job.† However, according to recent research, more and more workers - both young and old alike - are now prioritizing a different factor when assessing a job’s potential: job security. In fact, 56 percent of younger workers and 59 percent of older workers preferred security to salary when asked to choose between two jobs. For most people, the concept of a temp job and the concept of job security aren’t necessarily congruent; however, a new breed of temp positions offer unprecedented job security. Formerly the domain of the unemployed and job searchers passing the time until a permanent job can be found, temp jobs are now a valuable tool for companies looking to keep pace with the latest trends and technologies in a dynamic market - and for employees looking to capitalize on new demand. Based on research from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statis tics, Forbes rounded up the list of 2015’s fastest growing temp jobs. Let’s take a look at four of the top picks.1. Home Health Care AideIn addition to helping seniors in need of assistance, home health care aides also help people with disabilities, chronic illnesses, and cognitive impairment. With millions of Baby Boomers hitting retirement every day and most suffering from multiple chronic conditions, it’s no surprise that there is a growing demand for healthcare professionals.Although they work in a variety of settings, ranging from private homes to large-scale communities, home health care aides are typically employed by certified home health and hospice agencies - both of which will be looking for qualified labor to fill vacancies. Between 2014 and 2019, the number of home health care aide temp jobs is predicted to rise by 15 percent.  2. Childcare WorkerAs the bulk of the Millennial generation - the first generation in American history to top the Boome rs in sheer numbers - enters its childbearing years, their offspring will need care. And while many have delayed having kids because of the challenging conditions under which they came of age (resulting in an oft-publicized â€Å"baby bust†), the time is drawing nigh when the delayers will take the leap. It’s no surprise, then, that temp positions for childcare workers are expected to jump by 14 percent over the next five years.3. Registered NurseThe buzz surrounding the imminent nursing shortage is well-founded: with up to three million Baby Boomers entering Medicare each year and the Affordable Care Act having already added eight million to the growing list of the insured, the demands on the healthcare industry will be significant, with registered nurses topping the list.Nurse staffing agencies will race to fill the void through a variety of temp nursing opportunities, including contract, travel and per diem positions. All in all, an average increase of 6,200 jobs - or 14 percent growth - is predicted over the next five years alone.Meanwhile, an alternate healthcare profession expects to experience almost equally meteoric growth: Pharmacy technicians.4. Computer Systems AnalystAs companies struggle to keep up with changing technologies while balancing their business initiatives, computer systems analysts are expected to play a vital role. These hybrid professionals offer a unique blend of information technology knowledge and business acumen, qualifying them not just to offer computer expertise, but to apply it within the context of a company’s overall objectives in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness.In addition to being in demand with a whopping 19 percent increase in anticipated jobs by 2019, computer system analysts are also well-compensated, thanks to a median salary of more than $81,000 in 2013. Temp workers with skills and experience in this field are well-positioned for ongoing success.Software developers and computer user support specialists are also expected to see growth in tech temp jobs over the next half-decade.

The advantages and disadvantages of robots Essay - 1

The advantages and disadvantages of robots - Essay Example In simple terms robots can be defined as a mechanical device that may resemble sometimes a human and is capable of performing several tasks or often complex human tasks which may be programmed in advance or perform on command. The following report includes the discussion about the advantages of robots in this innovative and technological world. The report also includes the description of the disadvantages of robots. Finally a conclusion has been drawn in the report related to the research done. There are several advantages of robots, as they are machines which can perform several tasks and actions which humans cannot do. Robots can work 24/7 without any need of salary and food, and they can also perform tasks with accuracy and consistency. Robots are advantageous because they can perform tasks faster than humans along with more accuracy and consistency. Robots can be used in doing several tasks like in production, household etc. using robots in the industrial sector have several advantages as they can help in improving the quality of products and also will reduce the wastage or breakages. Robots can be very advantages in business terms as they can increase the level of production and can also decrease the cost per unit of production as compared to human labour (Gray, 88). This is because they have the ability to work constantly without any breaks, vacation, and sleep and also has a potential to be more productive than any human worker. Robots also has the advantages of work place safety, as the workers are moved to the supervisory role and the humans don’t have to perform dangerous actions in several hazardous settings. Robots may also lead to savings as higher workers safety also leads to savings. This also leads to lower level of concerns for the workers insurances by employers. Robots also perform each and every task faster than any human which helps in saving of time. Robots measurements and actions are more

Why Should We Forgive Others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why Should We Forgive Others - Essay Example In Christianity which is a western religion, teaching about forgiveness takes a very central role in the spiritual life of the Christian adherent. The teaching is that, if we expect God to forgive us, we must in turn forgive our fellow man when they wrong us. This is best expressed in what is known as the Lord’s Prayer in Mathew 6:9-13 where the Christian petitions God to forgive him just as they forgive others. This is as a precondition that if we expect God to forgive us, we have a part to play in forgiving others as it is narrated in Mathew 6:15. We also find the example of a Christian who practiced forgiveness during the stoning of Stephen in Acts 7:60 where Stephen prayed and said ‘lay not this sin to their charge’, words almost similar to the ones uttered by Jesus Christ at His crucifixion, ‘forgive them for they know not what they do’, speaking about His crucifiers, yet He had committed no sin, Luke 23:34. This shows that a Christian who forgiv es is following the example of the author of Christianity, Jesus Christ. The Bible also teaches about turning your other cheek and giving your coat as well to someone who takes your cloak as it continues to express the virtue of forgiveness, Luke 6: 27-31. The Bible also talks about God’s demonstration of love in that Jesus Christ died for the sins of the world while man was still a sinner (Bash, 2007).

Biculturism and Marginalization Essay Example for Free

Biculturism and Marginalization Essay * Ross-Sheriff (2011) commented that international migration patterns have * changed as a consequence of broad social, political, economic, and environmental * trends and explained the causes of the driving forces were including war, * globalization, urbanization, and changing cultural norms regarding social roles and * responsibilities (Ross-Sheriff, 2011). With these complex trends of migration * patterns, Van Hear (2010) viewed migration as a process which was an integral part * of broader social transformations, but which also had its own internal dynamics with * other factors related to the migrating process, shaping social transformation in their * own way. Migration was also linked in complex ways to class, gender, generation, * ethnicity and other social factors, which were embodied in positions in home and host * communities, and in work and domestic relationships, all of which might be * transformed in the course of the migratory process (Van Hear, 2010). To understand this complex process of migration, especially under changing circumstances of one culture to another, it might be useful to build conceptual tools for understanding these transitory processes in migration studies and in social science more widely (Van hear, 2010). They also include mediating agents and transitions that need also to be accounted for, as well as intersections among class, gender, generation, ethnicity and other social ruptures as well as the main driving forces of migration (Van Hear, 2010). Of course there were other important concepts such as relations between time and space, between dynamics or processes and outcomes, and between structure and agency that needed to get attention (Van Hear, 2010). However, it is impossible to discuss all different theoretical concepts involved in different types of migration process in the current limited study. Rather, this study tried to focus on psychological impacts such as ethnic identity and self-esteem on migration through acculturation processes particularly on family- related migration because different patterns of migration produced different communities and resulted in producing different migrant identities including varying levels of psychological distress (Jones, 2008). Further, few empirical studies have focused on migrant adults populations. Most migrants identification related literatures tended to relate more for adolescents or young children because identity formation might be particularly challenging in this cohort, especially when the values and beliefs of their natal culture differed significantly from those of the host society (Sodowsky, Kwan, Pannu, 1995; as cited in Farver, Narang, Bhadha, 2002). Therefore, this study focused on ethnic identity and self-identification issues of adult migrants’ themselves within a family structure according to different theoretical models relevant to adaptation of new cultures, because family was the basic instrument in the society (Nesdale, Rooney, Smith, 1997). In fact, most cultural acquisition theories developed and evolved in 1990s. when international migration became a key issue in international politics at the beginning of 1990s. As Castle (2002) argued that migration, development and international relations were closely connected as migration was a major factor of transformation for both sending and receiving countries for different types of migrants (Castle, 2002). With this perspective, this study generally focused on those migration culture acquisition theories developed in 1990 rather then looking at current perspectives in the most recent literatures, which actually have evolved from these original theories in 1990s (Castle, 2002). As the findings from these research studies has had been mixed or sometimes contradictory, it was important to understand the exact nature of the relationship between migrant ethnic identification and the acculturation process both need to be specified and assessed properly with coherent measurements and theoretical assumptions (Nesdale et al. , 1997). Important theoretical concepts: ethnic identity, acculturation, biculturism, and marginalisation. According to Phinney (1990; as cited in Farver, Narang Bhadha., 2002), ethnic identity and acculturation were related but separate constructs. Ethnic identity involves an individual’s self-identification as a group member, a sense of belonging to an ethnic group, attitudes toward ethnic group of membership, and degree of ethnic group involvement (Farver et al. , 2002). The term acculturation was defined in anthropology as those phenomena, which resulted when groups of individuals having different cultures came into continuous first-hand contact with subsequent changes in the original pattern of either or both groups (Redfield, Linton, Herskovits, 1936; as cited in Birman, 1994). Although acculturation was a neutral term in this context (that is, change might take place in either or both groups), in practice, acculturation tended to induce more changes in one of the groups than in the other (Berry, 1990a; as cited in Berry, 1997) Berry (1997) argued that in all plural societies, cultural groups and their individual members, in both dominant and non-dominant situations, must deal with the issue of how to acculturate. According to Berry (1997), four acculturation strategies were introduced: assimilation, separation, marginalization, and integration. When individuals do not wish to maintain their cultural identity and seek daily interaction with other new cultures, the assimilation strategy is defined. In contrast, when individuals place a value on holding on to their original culture, and at the same time wish to avoid interaction with others, then the separation is defined (Berry, 1997). When there is an interest in both maintaining one’s original culture, while in daily interactions with other groups, integration is the option; here, there is some degree of cultural integrity maintained, while at the same time seeking to participate as an integral part of the larger social network (Berry, 1997). Last, when there is little possibility or interest in cultural maintenance (often for reasons of enforced cultural loss), and little interest in having relations with others (often for reasons of exclusion or discrimination) then marginalization is defined (Berry, 1997). However, this acculturation categories model has been criticized methodologically (Rudmin, 2003, 2009; as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) because all four of Berry’s categories were represented in the same way by creating the two by two matrix of acculturation categories between high and low. However, the cut off point between high and low was arbitrary and would differ across samples, making comparisons across studies difficult, resulting in the fact that all four categories existed and were equally valid (Rudmin, 2003; as cited in Schwartz et al., 2010) and suggesting that not all of Berry’s categories might exist in a given sample or population, and that some categories might have multiple subtypes (Schwartz et al. , 2010). In particular, Berry (1997) viewed the term â€Å"biculturism† as referring to acculturation that involved the individual simultaneously in the two cultures that were in contact in integrative ways, which appeared to be a consistent predictor of more positive outcomes than the three alternatives of assimilation, separation, or marginalization. Berry and his colleagues (Sam Berry, 1995) assessed the acculturation strategies of various immigrant groups in North America and the results showed that bicultural individuals experienced less acculturative stress, anxiety and fewer psychological problems significantly, while marginalized individuals suffered the most psychological distress, including problems with self-identification and cultural alienation, which adversely affected their self-esteem (Farver et al. , 2002). However, Shiraev and Levy (2007) explained acculturative stress as a negative feeling that a marginalized person might experience as a distressing psychological reaction to any unfamiliar cultural environment based on the assumption that person and groups undergoing any social and cultural change should experience a certain amount of psychological distress. Generally, many early definitions of acculturation focused on exposure to two cultures simultaneously as a culture shock, which was a reactive state of specific pathology or deficit, rather than taking advantage of being bicultural (Berry Annis, 1974; Shiraev et al., 2007). The validity of marginalization as an approach to acculturation by Berry (1997) was also questioned (Del Pilar Udasco, 2004; as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010). Schawartz et al. argued that the likelihood that a person would develop a cultural sense of self without drawing on either the heritage or receiving cultural contexts would be less likely to. The marginalization approach might be true only for the small segment of migrants who rejected both their heritage and receiving cultures (Berry, 2006b). Indeed, studies using empirically based clustering methods have found small or nonexistent marginalization groups and scales that attempted to measure marginalization typically had poor reliability and validity compared with scales for the other categories (Cuellar, Arnold, Maldonado, 1995; Unger et al. , 2002; as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010). As described earlier, the impact of migrant ethnic identity on psychological distress had comparatively diverse points of views if they were either negative or positive reactions, depending on different theoretical frames. For example, Social Identity Theory (Tajfel Turner, 2001) and Self-Categorization Theory (Turner, 1987) emphasized more on the importance to individuals of their identification with particular social groups. Social Identity Theory (Tajfel Turner, 2001; as cited in Yip, Gee, Takeuchi, 2008) viewed a possible explanation for why ethnic identity might buffer the effects of discrimination. According to this theory,individuals chose from an array of possible social identity groups and, once those groups were chosen, individuals focused on the positive aspects of their in-group, which helped to boost their own esteem, suggesting that ethnic identity was more important to their overall identity (Yip et al. , 2009). In contrast, if ethnicity was a central component of ones identity, it might actually exacerbate the effects of discrimination, resulting in a greater negative impact on mental health, according to self-categorization theory (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, Wetherell, 1987; as cited in Yip et al., 2008), suggesting that people should be more in tune with environmental cues that were relevant to an important aspect of their identity. That is, experiences of racial discrimination might be such a cue relevant to their ethnic identity. Indeed, research suggested that African American adults and adolescents who reported strong racial centrality were also more likely to report experiences of racial discrimination (Neblett, Shelton, Sellers, 2004; Sellers, Caldwell, Schmeelk-Cone, Zimmerman, 2003; Sellers Shelton, 2003; as cited in Yip et al., 2008). However, despite this emphasis by social theorists, they tended to forget the larger literature that involved with both ethnicity and the acculturation process (Liebkind, 1993; 1996; as cited in Nesdale, Rooney Smith, 1997). First of all, these different findings resulted from lack of inclusion of acculturation itself as a variable methodologically when acculturation was considered as a phenomenon in research designs (Sam and Berry, 2006). Without including acculturation as a variable, the explanations for human behavior similarities and differences across populations would remain incomplete (Sam et al. , 2006). Second, a further criticism of the acculturation literatures was that the same two acculturation processes, and the same four-acculturation categories, characterized all migrants equally—regardless of the type of migrant, the countries of origin and settlement, and the ethnic group in question, according to Berry’s (1980) model and other similar approaches (Sam et al., 2006). Finally, the vast majority of studies in the acculturation literature have focused on behavioral acculturation (Schwartz et al. , 2010). That is, most widely used acculturation measures included primarily (or only) items assessing language use and other cultural practices (e. g. , Cuellar, Arnold, Maldonado, 1995; Stephenson, 2000; Szapocznik, Kurtines, Fernandez, 1980; as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) due to accepting the fact that cultural practices might provide only a fair proxy for cultural adaptation (Schwartz et al., 2010). Theoretical frameworks for acculturation research Shiraev Levy (2007) claimed that cross-cultural psychologists usually used three approaches to examine human activities in various cultural settings. They were the sociobiological approach, the sociological approach and eco-cultural approach (Shiraev et al. , 2007). In particular, the eco-cultural approach emphasized both the environment and the individual were seen as open and interchanging systems (Shiraev et al., 2007), introducing John Berry whom originally developed this theory further in contemporary cross-cultural psychology. Shiraev et al. (2007) also pointed out that specialists should to be able to explain how, why, and to what extent people differed from one another, when ecological, biological, cultural, and acculturation factors were identified and taken into consideration (Berry, J. W. , Poortinga, Y. H. , Segall, M. H. , Dasen. P. R. ,1992; as cited in Shiraev et al. , 2007). In related to the concerns pointed by Shiraev et al. (2007), Berry (1997) argued earlier there were important links between cultural context and individual behavioural development, demonstrating what happened to individuals who developed in one cultural context when attempting to re-establish their lives in another one through his acculturation research framework, by confirming the fact that acculturation was one of the most complex areas of research in cross-cultural psychology because the process involved more than one culture and in two distinct senses (Berry, 1997). According to Berry (1997), the concept of acculturation was employed to refer to the cultural changes resulting from different ethnic groups encountered, while the concepts of psychological acculturation and adaptation were employed to refer to the psychological changes and eventual outcomes that occur as a result of individuals experiencing acculturation. In another words, acculturation phenomena resulted from contact between two or more cultures and research on acculturation had to be comparative in order to understand variations in psychological outcomes that were the result of cultural variations in the two groups in contact (Berry, 1997). In particular, this framework viewed the integration model of acculturation strategies the most desirable among other strategies, considering it the same as the biculturalism model (Berry, 1997). For example, Berry and his colleagues (Berry, 1980; Berry, J. W. , Kim, U. , Power, S. , Young, M, Bujaki, M. , 1989; Berry, Kim, Minde, Mok, 1987; Sam Berry, 1995 as cited in Farver et al., 2002) Assessed the acculturation strategies of various immigrant groups in North America and the result showed that integration was the most psychologically adaptive attitude, arguing that integrated or bicultural individuals experienced less acculturative stress and anxiety and manifested fewer psychological problems than those who were marginalized, separated, or assimilated, whereas marginalized individuals suffered the most psychological distress, including problems with self-identification and cultural alienation, which also affected their self-esteem (Farver et al., 2002). However, Phinney, Cantu, and Kurtz (1997) found that American identity was associated with self-esteem only for non-Hispanic Whites, but not for other ethnic groups. These mixed results as explained above raised two issues in the acculturation literatures. First of all, cultural practices might offer only a substitute for cultural adpatations, as Portes and Rumbaut (2001 as cited in Schwartz et al., 2010) mentioned that many Asian American young adults in their sample were not proficient in their native languages, even though they still perceived their identification with their parents’ countries of origin and maintained many of their values (Schwarz et al. , 2010). Secondly, most researchers on biculturism did not sufficiently define an accurate operational definition of biculturism so that interpretation of those research results were problematic (Birman, 1994). Indeed, one finding in the United States, was that self-identification as American was markedly higher in non-Hispanic Whites than in ethnic minority groups (e. g. , Devos Banaji, 2005; as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) and many White Americans did not perceived themselves as members of an ethnic group (Schildkraut, 2007; as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010). In brief, different operational definition problems of acculturation arose from different theoretical models of acculturation regarding to their assumptions (LaFromboise, Coleman, Gerton, 1993). LaFromboise et al. (1993) assumed acculturation as one of substitutes among the biculturism models. Biculturism as defined in this theory was viewed as the alternation model, which implied an individual in two culture contacts could be competent in both cultures without losing one of the cultures’ competencies in distinct cultural contexts as alternation model, whereas, fusion model meant a blended cultural identity, consisting of a synthesis of aspects of both cultures (LaFromboise et al., 1993). However, Berry’s (1997) integrating approach of biculturism differed from the bicultural model (LaFromboise et al. , 1993; as cited in Birman, 1994) and it emphasized more on the relationship between the two cultural groups based on its implicit assumption that one of two cultures were higher than the other within a single social structure (LaFromboise et al. , 1993). Benet-Martinez and colleagues found that â€Å"blended† bicultural individuals tended to report higher self-esteem and lower psychological distress than a marginal population (Chen et al. , 2008 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) because the consistent availability of both cultural flows within the person’s everyday life increased the ease of activating the correct cultural schema in accordance with their environmental situations (Schwartz et al. , 2010). In contrast, Tadmor, Tetlock, and Peng (2009) argued that the bicultural model considered those marginal individuals in positive ways, when there was little interest in cultural maintenance and little interest in having relations with others, suggesting positive aspects of being a marginal person might be (1) sharing his or her condition with others of the same original culture; (2) engaging in institutional practices that were shared by other marginal people; (3) experiencing no major frustration from social expectations; and (4) still perceiving himself or herself to be a member of a group (LaFromboise et al., 1993). According to Sam and Berry (2006), many studies of how migrants coped with intercultural contacts had discrepancies in the ways in which they were operationalized and measured. As no standardized or widely accepted acculturation measures existed, it was necessary to design a clear and explicit formulation of acculturation instrument in order to assess acculturation adequately (Sam et al. , 2006). Further Sam and Berry (2006) pointed out that most empirical studies widely used a self-report type of questionnaires that had been recognized limitations such as social desirability, emphasizing obtaining divergent validation by source of information other than the respondents’ reports. Therefore, it is vital to understand each theory within its specific assumptions and not to generalize across all situations regardless of their similar findings (LaFromboise et al. , 1993). As this study discovered migrants’ acculturation processes so far within specific theoretical frameworks, literature findings in different research were mixed as to whether individuals could be highly acculturated and at the same time be strongly identified with their ethnic group (Farver, Narang, Bhadha. , 2002). These confusing problems initially evolved because of the context in which migration arrangements and their acculturation processes were fundamentally transformed and increasingly uncertain due to globalization (Landolt Da, 2005). Shiraev Levy (2007) suggested a new approach to cross-cultural psychology in the twenty-first century, which was linked to the concept of globalization. Globalization was defined as a proliferation of cross-border flow and transnational networks due to new technologies of communication and transport that allowed frequent and multi-directional streams of people, ideas and cultural symbols (Castle, 2010). Castle also argued that globalization leads to major changes in the character of international migration. In other words, the context for migrant incorporation has already changed radically and will continue to do so. The rise of multiculturalism itself rather than assimilation or biculturism is one sign of this, but is not the end of the story: new forms of identity and belonging go beyond multiculturalism (Castle, 2010). Even though there is limited empirical evidence for clear statements for globalization, there probably are highly cosmopolitan groups who feel at home everywhere such as global business and professional elites might correspond with this image. But most members of transnational communities fall between these extremes, and probably have contradictory and fluctuating identities (Castle, 2002). Conclusions This study explored that a special case of cultural psychology was the study of how individuals respond to situations where they were in transition between their original culture and another that differed from it in some respects in terms of acculturation, especially within a specific theoretical frame that could apply to the specific situation (Adler Gielen, 1994). There was no single theory widely accepted by all social scientists to agree with the emergence and perpetuation of international migration patterns in the world under globalization (Van Hear, 2010),suggesting that the contemporary migrating context in which such migrating arrangements were realized fundamentally kept transforming so that it became increasingly uncertain (Landolt and Da, 2005). Although the topic of cultural contact and individual’ change has attracted considerable attention in contemporary cross-cultural psychology, the field has been characterized by a lack of theoretical coherence, definitional problems with key constructs, and single sample studies that limit the external validity of empirical cross-cultural research (Ward and Kenney, 1994). As acculturation is a process which takes place over time, and which results in changes both in the culture and in the individual culture changes, it would be ideal o compare two sets of data are compared over time using the same people. However, in practice, it is impossible in most acculturation research settings (Sam et al. , 2006). Instead, a common alternative to longitudinal research is cross-sectional research in which a time-related variable, such as length of residence or generational status can be used for the generalizability of acculturation theories (Sam et al., 2006). In general, researchers of migrating studies need to be aware that it is the selective nature of the sample that happens across all migrating research. That is, individuals who chose to migrate would be different from those who do not (Sodowsky, G. , Kwan, K. , Pannu, R. , 1995; as cited in Farver et al. , 1997). Finally, acculturation research generally focused on immigrants assumed to be permanently settled in their new host countries. As a result, the terms â€Å"migrants† or â€Å"international migrants† referred to the same type of migrants collectively. Moreover, many countries were both sending and receiving countries for different types of migrants, or in the process of transition from one type to the other (Castel, 2002). Therefore, where applicable, it is viable to design acculturation research studies classifying different types of migrants. References Adler, L. L. , Gielen, U. P. (Eds. ). (1994). Cross-cultural topics in psychology. Westport: Praeger Publishers. Berry, J. W. (1980). Social and cultural change. In Triandis, H. C. , Brislin, R. (Eds. ). Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (pp. 211-279). Boston: Allyn Bacon. Berry, J.W. , Kim, U. , Power, S. , Young, M, Bujaki, M. (1989). Acculturation attitudes in plural societies. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 38, 185-206 Berry, (1990a). Psychology of acculturation. In Berman, J. (Eds. ). Cross-cultural perspectives: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (pp. 201-234). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaption. Applied Psychology: An international review, 46(1), 5-68. Berry, J. W. , Annis, R. (1974). A cculturation stress. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 5(4), 382-397. Berry, J. W. , Kim, U., Minde, T. , Mok, D. (1987). Comparative studies of acculturative stress. International Migration Review, 21, 591-511. Berry, J. W. , Poortinga, Y. H. , Segall, M. H. , Dasen. P. R. (1992). Cross-cultural Psychology: Research and application. New York: Cambridge university Press. Birman, D. (1994). Acculturation and human diversity in a multicultural society. In Trickett, E. J. , Watts, R. J. , Birman D, (Eds. ). Perspectives on people in context (pp. 261-284). San Franscisco: Jossey-Bass Inc. Castele, S. (2002). Migration and community formation under conditions of globalization. The Center for Migration Studies of New York, 36(4), 1143- 1168. Cuellar, I. , Arnold, B. , Maldonado, R. (1995). Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II: a revision of the original ARSMA scale. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, 17, 275-304. doi: 10. 1177/07399863950173001 DelPilar, J. A. , Udasco, J. O. (2004). Deculturation: Its lack of validity. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10, 169-176. doi: 10. 1037/1099- 9809. 10. 2. 169 Devos, T. , Banaji, M. R. (2005). American = White? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 447-466. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 88. 3. 447 Farver, J. A. , Narang, S. K. , Bhadha, B. R. (2002). East meets west: Ethnic identity, acculturation, and conflict in Asian Indian families. Journal of Family Psychology, 16(3), 338-350. doi: 10. 1037//0893-3200. 16. 3. 338 Jones, A. (2008). A silent but mighty river: the costs of women’s economic migration. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 33(4), 761-807. Landolt, D. , Da, W. W. (2005). The Spatially Ruptured Practices of Migrant Families: A Comparison of Immigrants from El Salvador and the Peoples Republic of China. Current Sociology, 53, 625-652. doi: 10. 1177/0011392105052719. LaFromboise. , T. , Coleman. , H. , Gerton (1993). Psychological impact of biculturism: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 114(3), 394-412. Liebkind, K. (1993). Self-reported ethnic identity, depression and anxiety among youth Vietnamese refugees and their parents. Journal of Refugee Studies, 6, 25-39. Neblett, E, Shelton, J. N. , Sellers, R. M. (2004). The role of racial identity in managing daily racial hassles. In Philogene, G. (Eds. ). Race and identity: The legacy of Kenneth Clark. Washington DC: American Psychological Association Press. Nesdale. , D. , Rooney. , R. , Smith. , L. (1997). Migrant ethnic identity and psychological distress. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28(5), 569-588. doi: 10. 1177/0022022197285004 Phinney, J. S. (1990). When we talk about American ethic groups, what do we mean? American Psychologist, 51, 918-917. Phinney, J. S. , Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 271-281. doi: 10. 1037/0022-0167. 54. 3. 271 Portes, A. , Rumbaut, R. G. (2001). Legacies: The story of the immigrant second generation. Berkerly: University of California Press. Redfield, R. , Linton, R. , Herskovits, M. J. (1936) memorandum on the study of acculturation. American Anthropologist, 38, 149-152. Ross-Sheriff, F. (2011). Global migration and gender. Journal of Women and Social Works, 26(3), 233-238a. doi: 10. 1177/0886109911417692 Rudmin, F. W. (2003). Critical history of the acculturation psychology of assimilation, separation, integration, and marginalization. Review of General Psychology, 7, 3-37. doi: 10. 1177/01461670731197 Sam, D. , Berry, J. W. (1995). Acculturative stress among young immigrants in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 36, 10-24. Sam, D. , Berry, J. W. (2006). The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology [Electronic version]. Retrieved from http://www. qut. eblib. com. au. ezp01. library. qut. edu. au/patron. Schildkraut, D. J. (2007). Defining American identity in the 21st century: How much â€Å"there† is there? Journal of Politics, 69, 597-615. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1468-2508. 2007. 00562. x Schwartz, S. J. , Unger, J. B. , Zamboanga, B. L. , Szapocznik, J. (2010). Rethinking the concept of acculturation: Implications for the theory and research. American Psychologist, 65(4), 237-251. doi: 10. 1037/a0019330 Sellers, R.M. , Caldwell, C. H. , Schmeelk-Cone, K. H. Zimmerman, M. A. (2003). Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African American young adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44(3), 302-317. Seller, R. M. , Shelton, R. M. (2000). The role of racial identity in perceived racial discrimination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1079-1092. Shiraev, E. , Levy, D. (2007). Cross-Cultural Psychology: Critical thinking and contemporary applications. Boston: Pearson Education Inc. Sodowsky, G. , Kwan, K. , Pannu, R., (1995). Ethnic identity of Asians in the United States. In J. Ponterotto (Ed. ), Handbook of multicultural counseling (pp. 110- 130). Newbury Park: Sage. Stephenson, M. (2000). Development and validation of the Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation Scale (SMAS). Psychological Assessment, 12, 77-88. doi: 10. 1037/1040-3590. 12. 1. 77 Szapocznik, J. , Kurtines, W. , Fernandez, T. (1980). Bicultural involvement and adjustment in Hispanic-American youths. International Journal of Interculture Relations, 4, 353-365. Tadmor, C. T. , Tedlock, P. E. , Peng, K. (2009). Acculturation strategies and integrative complexity: The congnitive implications of biculturism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40, 105-139. doi: 10. 1177/0022022108326279 Tajfel, H. , Turner, J. C. (2001). An Integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In Hogg, M. , Abrams, D. (Eds. ). The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 94-109). New York: Psychology Press. Turner, J. C. , Hogg, M. A. , Oakes, P. J. , Reicher, S. D. Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Balckwell. Unger, J. B. , Gallagher, P. , Shakib, S. , Ritt-Olson, A. , Palmer, P. H. , Johnson, C. A. (2002). 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The Impact of Societal and Economic Changes upon the Family Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Family and society have come across many changes during our history. Every change that occurred has affected what many people would call the "Benchmark Family" (Scanzoni #7). This is considered the perfect family or the norm. The Family would consist of the husband that is the breadwinner and the wife who is responsible for raising the children, and taking care of the home (Scanzoni #4). Society has changed dramatically from the 19th century. These changes in turn have affected Family. Many factors through the years have been responsible for these changes. Feminism is a tremendous factor that is still having its effect on family and society today. Another factor is employment. Women in the workplace have changed family structure over the years. Sex is also a factor that changed family and society in many ways. I will explore these factors and show what effect they have on family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feminism impacted family in a tremendous way. In the "Jacksonian Era" the notion was that men had divine right to rule over women (Scanzoni #104). People believed that men had certain characteristics that enabled them to be better outside the home, for the purpose of supporting his family. Women were believed to be fragile and over sensitive for the harsh workplace (Scanzoni #104). Society also had certain rules that had to be followed by the public to keep society stable. These rules were mainly developed through the bible and religious institutions. During the 19th century religion was an important part of peoples lives. Religion basically dictated to the people what was right and wrong. Religion was very influential during this period. A person believed, what the church said about how they should live was what god wanted and dictated in the Bible (Scanzoni #103). For many years people lived their lives the way the church wanted them too.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then the start of Feminism occurred, women began to say "God sees the genders as equals" according to the Bible (Scanzoni#107). Women started to raise questions about different issues in regards to equal treatment. This is when family change started. Men were happy with societies take on women. Men did not want any change to occur. Men felt everything was the way it was suppose to be. Women started to become more involved in other aspects of life besides homemaking. Women wanted what was initialed to them, which was equal... ...out the working family than it does today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1950s seem to have less life threatening diseases. For one thing AIDS was not an issue. I know there were diseases but not to an epidemic levels as AIDS. Cancer was not as wide spread as today. It also seems to me people had more respect for the land. People did not litter, and appreciated where they lived more than today. People were also friendlier to each other. People just got along better with their neighbors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some may say that the 1950s were more strict and oppressed than today. It was, but it kept society stable and crime down. There has to be some sort of rules, whether they are societal rules or law. This is what keeps a stable environment. Of course you can never please everybody, and it is of opinion what is the best time in our history. I just feel that things were less problematic during the 1950s era. Works Cited: Scanzoni, John Contemporary Families and Relationships: Reinventing Responsibility New York: McGraw Hill, 1995 P# 4, 7, 102, 103, 104, 107, 111, 114, 120, 123, 130, 132, 139 Skolnick, Arlene, Jerome H. Skolnick Family In Transition: Ten Edition New York: Addison , 1999 P# 21, 44, 51

“If I Had A Choice” By Walt Whitan Essay

Wave resemblance in Walt Whitman’s â€Å"If I Had the Choice† Although not rhythmically or metrically consistent throughout, Walt Whitman’s poem â€Å"If I Had the Choice† is very consistent in its attempt to resemble the characteristics, specifically the waves, of the sea; whether read, heard, or seen, the poem’s adaptation to a wave’s nature is clearly evident. Whitman’s use of repeated, but not uniform, rhythm in the poem exposes the â€Å"up and down† nature of waves, while the sudden, drastic change in rhythm helps depict the crashing of a wave. The metrical variation in the poem similarly attributes to the resemblance of a wave, for it goes hand in hand with the length of each line, giving the poem the physical characteristics of a wave. While the there is no metrical consistency throughout the poem (probably done because no two waves are identically alike), there is a noticeable pattern and consistency in the rhythm of the poem. The consecutive use of iambs in the first five lines of the poem help to not only emphasize the steady motion of the sea, but more importantly to give the poem a sense of the â€Å"up and down† motion of the waves in the sea; the pattern of unstressed/stressed/unstressed/stressed syllables in every line is very similar to the up and down undulation of a wave. The shift from the iambic rhythm in lines one through five to a â€Å"loud,† sudden spondee in line six clearly depicts the image of a wave crashing. The spondaic rhythm (stress/stress) of the first two words in line six, â€Å"These, these,† is an unexpected, drastic change from the prior unstressed/stressed pattern. Similar to the crashing of a wave, this change was drastic, and quick; it does not last long, hence the reason for the poem’s quick return to an iambic rhythm. The poem’s last three lines are once again consistently iambic; they are back to the quiet, pacific motion of waves in the sea. Just as the height of a wave affects the power of a wave, the meter of this poem affects it’s rhythm. Although there is no specific pattern for the number of feet per line in this poem, the meter is still greatly significant. When broken up iambically, the number of feet increase steadily from line one to four, until we reach line five, the longest (10 feet) line. The length of line five is significantly important in portraying the nature of waves; it is representative of the amplitude of a wave before it is about  to crash. Line five is ten feet long because it is followed by line six, the line in which there was a sudden rhythmical change, which portrayed the crashing of the wave. Once it crashes, the waves return to their prior size, just as the following lines of the poem go back to having the same range of feet as they did before line five. The alternating number of feet per line also allow the poem’s structure to resemble a wave; no two waves are similar in frequency (height) or amplitude (width), just as no two sentences of this poem are identical in length. As the lines approach the middle of the poem, they get longer, and then begin decreasing in size after they reached the longest point, line five. Since line five, the middle of the poem, is the longest line, when held sideways, this line is representative of the middle of a wave, it’s highest point right before it crashes. By using rhythm and meter skillfully, this poem is successful in imitating the rhythm of the sea, and the â€Å"meter† of the waves in the sea. In doing this, Whitman makes a very distinctive point; rhythm and meter affect each other, just as the height of a wave affects it’s crash. This relationship is evident whether one reads, sees or hears this poem.

How And Why Some Conduct Is Considered Unlawful - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1154 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? In order to understand unlawful conduct it is important to know the differences between civil and criminal law and fault. Factors which influence why conduct is considered unlawful and how conduct is labelled as unlawful will be looked at in depth in following paragraphs. For the purpose of this essay unlawful conduct may be defined as any conduct that is forbidden by law. There are fundamental distinctions between civil and criminal law. In civil law a private party, known as the claimant, initiates the lawsuit and remedies available rarely end up with incarceration. The remedy, if the claimant is successful on his or her litigation usually involves payment of compensation, also known as damages by the defendant. The burden of proof in civil law normally rests with the claimant. The standard of proof is based on the balance of probabilities, meaning there must be greater than a fifty per cent chance in either the claimants or the defendants evidence. This is a lso known as the preponderance of evidence. In criminal law a range of sanctions are at the disposal of the state ranging from community punishment through to incarceration. The lawsuit in criminal proceedings is initiated by the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) on behalf of the state. The burden of proof lies with the state, with the defendant being innocent until proved guilty. This presumption of innocence is based on the legal inference that most people are not criminals. The standard of proof is beyond reasonable doubt. Whilst it is difficult to quantify this term, the prosecution must establish that there must be no reasonable doubt in the mind of a reasonable person that the defendant is guilty. This higher standard of proof is required due to the more severe nature of sanctions that may be applied. Fault in civil proceedings was generally established through the tort of negligence in Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 and was summarised by Lord Atkin who stated that you must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. In establishing liability for fault in criminal wrongs, two basic elements are needed to establish liability. The Actus Reus, a Latin phrase literally meaning the guilty act by which the defendants conduct must be shown to be a voluntary and wrongful act or omission that constitutes the physical components of a crime. The second element is known as the Mens Rea, the Latin term for guilty mind, which establishes the state of mind of the defendant in relation to the act. Both of these elements must be proved to establish criminal liability. There are certain factors which influence why conduct is considered unlawful. Over time technological developments take place which the law may not have considered previously. Legislation is then enacted in response to these technological advances. The Digital Economy Act 2010 was enacted to protect online infringem ent of copyright and also updates the Communications Act 2003 and the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 amongst its provisions. This Act was introduced primarily to halt losses from internet piracy. Changes in the moral and social climate may also occur over the years. Prior to 1967, homosexual activity was illegal in England and Wales. The introduction of the Sexual Offences Act 1967 decriminalised private sexual acts between men aged 21 years or older in England and Wales. This was in direct response to changing societal attitudes to homosexuality. Protection of individuals and society from harm may also invoke legislative change. Prior to 1973 it was legal to ride a motorcycle without a crash helmet. Numerous studies have suggested that the compulsory wearing of a crash helmet reduces the chances of a traumatic brain injury. The Road Traffic Act 1972 Section 32 addressed this safety concern by introducing compulsory wearing of protective headgear for motor cyclists. Some conduct is considered unlawful due to economic reasons. Legislative change may occur on a yearly basis with the presentation of the budget in Parliament in relation to spending, taxation and duty. After presentation the budget is debated and the respective years Finance Act is passed. Current legislation is in the form of the Finance Act 2009. Enforceability of the law must also be considered. Whilst legislative change may be introduced to change antisocial behaviour, in certain instances it may contradict other forms of legislation and may be deemed as oppressive and overbearing. Current methodology to label conduct as unlawful may be introduced by law reform. Parliament may create a new Act, reacting to public and media concern creating or amending an offence. The Animal Health Act 2002 was created in response to the foot and mouth outbreak in 2001 and gives a greater ability to deal with animal disease outbreaks. The judiciary also play a role in law reform throug h statutory interpretation. This is evident in the case of R v R [1992] 1 AC 599, whereby the House of Lords removed a long standing misconception and gave true meaning and effect to the law overruling previous decisions that refused to recognise spousal rape. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) also influences law reform. In the case of S and Marper v UK (Application nos 30562/04 and 30566/04) the Grand Chamber ruled that indefinite retention of DNA samples for unconvicted persons was a violation of Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998. This decision has highlighted a need for Parliament to change domestic law. The Law Commission is an independent body established in 1965 whose role is to research areas of law that have been criticised and propose legislative change via a consultation paper. An example of the Law Commissions influence in law reform was the introduction of Law Reform (Year and a Day Rule) Act 1996 abolishing the common law principle that a death was co nclusively presumed not to be murder if it occurred more than a year and a day since the causative act or omission. Advisory Committees ensure improvements are made in the law. These may be the Criminal Law Revision Committee or Royal Commissions which were instrumental in the introduction of the Theft Act 1968 and the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 respectively. Green and White Papers outline proposals for legislative change and are open to public consultation. Green Papers may contain alternative policy options inviting public comment whilst White Papers are more detailed. In summary, distinctions exist between civil and criminal unlawful conduct. Unlawful conduct has differing burdens and standards of proof. Fault liability and available sanctions differ, dependant on whether the unlawful conduct was of a civil or criminal nature. The reasons why conduct becomes unlawful is due to influences from factors such as technological developments, social change, protectio n of individuals and society from harm, economic reasons and law enforceability. The rationale as to how conduct may be labelled unlawful is influenced through law reform. This is primarily driven by Parliament, the judiciary, ECHR, the Law Commission, Advisory Committees and Green and White Papers which endeavour to keep the law both relevant and contemporary in modern society. (1196 Words)Â  [1] Don’t waste time! 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